An 8-Years-Old Child With Post Streptococcal Related Acute Glomerulonephritis Accompanied By Pleural Effusion: Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46799/jhs.v5i4.1249Keywords:
Acute Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis Streptococcal (GNAPS), Post Streptococcal, Pleural Effusion, Case ReportAbstract
The inflammatory process in the glomerulus caused after infection from group A nephritogenic type beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria is called acute post-infectious streptococcal glomerulonephritis (GNAPS). Patients who exhibit symptoms such as gross hematuria, puffiness, and hypertension, as well as acute renal failure after streptococcal infection, should suspect post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis. Typical signs of glomerulonephritis in urinalysis, evidence of laboratory streptococcal infection (ASTO more than 100 Todd), and low levels of C3 complement (less than 4 years or more than 15 years) have a history of disease with similar symptoms, accompanied by chronic renal failure, GFR below 50% of normal age, macroscopic hematuria more than 3 months or microscopic hematuria more than 1 year, C3 levels decrease over 3 months as well as refractory proteinuria. Administration of antibiotics (Penicillin for 10 days) in the acute phase does not affect the worsening of the condition of glomerulonephritis but rather reduces the spread of Streptococcal infections that may still exist. In addition, treatment of hypertension is also necessary. Peritoneal measures of dialysis or hemodialysis may be considered in cases of acute renal failure.
References
Bertschi, L. A. (2020). Concentration and volume: understanding sodium and water in the body. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 120(1), 51–56.
Brant Pinheiro, S. V., de Freitas, V. B., de Castro, G. V., Rufino Madeiro, B. C., de Araújo, S. A., Silva Ribeiro, T. F., & Simões e Silva, A. C. (2022). Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children: a comprehensive review. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 29(34), 5543–5559.
Colvin, R. B., Chang, A., & Cornell, L. D. (2023). Diagnostic pathology: kidney diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Duong, M. D., & Reidy, K. J. (2022). Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 69(6), 1051–1078.
Ge, H., Wang, X., Deng, T., Deng, X., Mao, H., Yuan, Q., & Xiao, X. (2020). Clinical characteristics of acute glomerulonephritis with presentation of nephrotic syndrome at onset in children. International Immunopharmacology, 86, 106724.
Glomerulopathy, F., Glomerulopathy, I., & Glomerulopathy, C. T. I. F. (2023). Diseases With Organized Deposits. Diagnostic Pathology: Kidney Diseases, 302.
Hahn, D., Samuel, S. M., Willis, N. S., Craig, J. C., & Hodson, E. M. (2020). Corticosteroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (8).
Kellum, J. A., Romagnani, P., Ashuntantang, G., Ronco, C., Zarbock, A., & Anders, H.-J. (2021). Acute kidney injury. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 7(1), 1–17.
Khalighi, M. A., & Chang, A. (2021). Infection-related glomerulonephritis. Glomerular Diseases, 1(2), 82–91.
Kondziella, D., & Waldemar, G. (2023). Differential Diagnosis:“What Is the Lesion?” In Neurology at the Bedside (pp. 137–281). Springer.
Köppl, T., & Helmig, R. (n.d.). Dimension Reduced Modeling of Blood Flow in Large Arteries.
Lombel, R. M., Brakeman, P. R., Sack, B. S., & Butani, L. (2022). Urologic considerations in pediatric chronic kidney disease. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 29(3), 308–317.
Matsumoto, Y., Aryal, R. P., Heimburg-Molinaro, J., Park, S. S., Wever, W. J., Lehoux, S., … Chapman, A. B. (2022). Identification and characterization of circulating immune complexes in IgA nephropathy. Science Advances, 8(43), eabm8783.
Mattoo, T. K., & Sanjad, S. (2022). Current understanding of nephrotic syndrome in children. Pediatric Clinics, 69(6), 1079–1098.
Moorani, K. N., Aziz, M., & Amanullah, F. (2022). Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in children. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 38(2), 417.
Mosquera-Sulbaran, J. A., Pedreañez, A., Vargas, R., & Hernandez-Fonseca, J. P. (2023). Apoptosis in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and mechanisms for failed of inflammation resolution. Pediatric Nephrology, 1–16.
Mosquera, J., & Pedreañez, A. (2021). Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: analysis of the pathogenesis. International Reviews of Immunology, 40(6), 381–400.
Newcomer, B. W., Cebra, C., Chamorro, M. F., Reppert, E., Cebra, M., & Edmondson, M. A. (2021). Diseases of the hematologic, immunologic, and lymphatic systems (multisystem diseases). Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine, 405.
Rajindrajith, S., Devanarayana, N. M., Chanpong, A., & Thapar, N. (2020). Neurogastroenterology and motility disorders in pediatric population. In Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and Motility (pp. 535–556). Elsevier.
Ramdhani, S. S., Harun, N., & Marlina, T. (2022). Evaluation of the Rationality of Appropriate Doses of Corticosteroid Drugs in Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome in Hospitals. Jurnal Kesehatan Stikes Muhammadiyah Ciamis, 9(2), 7–16.
Saha, M. K., Massicotte-Azarniouch, D., Reynolds, M. L., Mottl, A. K., Falk, R. J., Jennette, J. C., & Derebail, V. K. (2022). Glomerular hematuria and the utility of urine microscopy: a review. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 80(3), 383–392.
Satoskar, A. A., Parikh, S. V, & Nadasdy, T. (2020). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and outcomes of infection-associated glomerulonephritis. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(1), 32–50.
Sethi, S., De Vriese, A. S., & Fervenza, F. C. (2022). Acute glomerulonephritis. The Lancet, 399(10335), 1646–1663.
Sikesa, I. G. P. H., & Loekman, J. S. (2020). Diagnostic problems in a patient with nephritic syndrome. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4(5), 62.
Sumarno, Y. A., & Tjiang, N. (2022). Case Report: Coexistence of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and rheumatic heart disease in a 9 years old girl. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 11(3), 7–12.
Syed, S., Viazmina, L., Mager, R., Meri, S., & Haapasalo, K. (2020). Streptococci and the complement system: interplay during infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. FEBS Letters, 594(16), 2570–2585.
Zhang, P., Yang, X., Fang, X., Xu, C., Gao, C., & Xia, Z. (2023). Anti‐C1q antibodies in lupus nephritis children with glomerular microthrombosis. Nephrology, 28(9), 485–494.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Yuan Agita Aprilia R, Adivia Cheries D
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
