p
ISSN 2723-6927-e ISSN 2723-4339
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ERGONOMIC BEHAVIOR
OF EMPLOYEES AT UPT LIK MAGETAN DISTRICT
Ahmad Reza
Rifqi Izza1 , Retno Widiarini2 , Pipid Ari Wibowo3
Stikes Bhakti Husada Mulia Madiun
Email: rifqiizza10@gmail.com,
retnowidiarini24@gmail.com, pipidaw@gmail.com
Ergonomic
problems are related to the body's suitability to work tools when performing
work tasks. Based on an initial study conducted by researchers on 10 employees
at UPT LIK, Magetan Regency. There are 7 out of 10 workers who lack
understanding about ergonomics such as how to lift weights, the maximum limit
of the weight lifted, the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), the
effects of excessive weight lifting. Meanwhile, in the IKM section,
understanding the principles of ergonomics is very important, because the work
done by employees is closely related to ergonomics. The lack of awareness of
workers in implementing ergonomic behavior is influenced by knowledge factors
and work attitudes. Poor work knowledge and attitude are caused by the lack of
ergonomics application by the industry to workers. In addition, workers also
lack understanding of ergonomics in the work environment. This type of research
is quantitative research with cross-sectional research. The population in this
study is 230 respondents with a sample of 70 respondents in this study. The
data of this study was obtained from the collection of questionnaire sheets and
observation sheets. Data analysis using the Chi Square Test. The results of the
bivariate test in this study showed that there was no relationship between the
independent variable of knowledge and ergonomic behavior with p = 0.687 and
there was a relationship between the independent variable of attitude and
ergonomic behavior with p = 0.000 The conclusion in this study is that there is
no significant relationship between knowledge and ergonomic behavior and there
is a significant relationship between attitudes to ergonomic behavior.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Ergonomic Behavior
Keywords:
Knowledge, Attitude, Ergonomic Behavior
Introduction
In various fields, especially organizational
life, the human factor is the main problem in every activity in it. The
organization is a social unit that is consciously coordinated with a good
quality of Human Resources which is certainly very important for an industry,
this is the dominant need for every industry. (Wahyuningsih, 2018). The application of safety is increasingly
important because it is part of efforts to protect labor in interacting with
their work. The success of development in various fields of science and
technology has improved the standard of living of people's welfare. (Aidelwees & Candra,
2021)..
The leather industry is an economic sector
that produces various products from animal skins, such as shoes, bags,
clothing, gloves and others. The
industry has a significant impact both in terms of product production and the
labor involved. The leather industry can create significant employment,
especially in areas with many farms that produce leather. Tanneries employ a wide variety of workers, including
tailors, shoemakers, assembly workers, and others. Leather workers such as
cobblers, leather craftsmen or tanners may be negatively impacted by tanning. (Rosidin, 2024).
Ergonomic
issues relate to the suitability of the body to the work tools when performing
work tasks. Poor Posture for Tannery Workers often have to sit or squat for
long periods of time while working, which can lead to posture problems. This
can lead to back, neck and shoulder pain. Poor working positions can also
affect employees' general health. To overcome these negative impacts, companies
must ensure that the working environment for leather workers is safe and
ergonomic. This includes ensuring adequate work equipment, adequate on-the-job
training, and encouraging adequate rest to allow workers to recover. In addition, leather workers should also
maintain their physical and mental health by adopting a healthy lifestyle. It is important to take preventive measures
so that the productivity of tannery workers is not compromised. (Rosidin, 2024)
Work or activities that are not ergonomic
will cause discomfort, high costs, accidents, and increased occupational
diseases, decreased work performance which results in decreased work efficiency
and power. Optimal performance can be met when work equipment or facilities,
work stations, products, and work procedures can be designed and adjusted to
the approach and principles of ergonomics. Human engineering that
The work system is expected to be able to
improve human work performance or performance such as increasing work speed,
accuracy, safety, comfort, and reducing the use of excessive work energy and
reducing fatigue, reducing time wasted on training and minimizing damage to
work facilities due to human errors increasing functional effectiveness and
human work productivity by taking into account human characteristics in the
design of work systems. (Joniarta et al., 2022).
Based on research conducted by (Samfriati Sinurat et al.,
2023) with the title "Relationship between knowledge and
the Application of Body Ergonomics during Online Learning in Level II
Students of the Ners Study Program Stikes Santa Elisabeth Medan in 2022"
with a total research population of 93. The instrument in this study was an
ergonomic knowledge questionnaire and the application of ergonomics using the Chi-Square
test. The results showed that the knowledge variable did not have a
relationship with the application of body ergonomics in level II students of
the Ners Study Program of Stikes Santa Elisabeth Medan in 2022.
Furthermore, based on research conducted by (Utami et al., 2018) with
the title "The Relationship Between Knowledge About Ergonomic Attitudes
With Musculoskeletal Disorders In Nurses At Husada Hospital". This study
uses a correlative descriptive with a cros sectional design. The results of
this study indicate that there is a relationship between knowledge about
ergonomic attitudes and muculoskeletal disorders in nurses at Husada Hospital.
Then based on research conducted by (Setiyowati & Hartati,
2022) with the title "Relationship between Knowledge,
Physical Ergonomic Behavior of High School Students While Studying and the
Incidence of Back Pain in West Jakarta High School Students". This study uses descriptive correlational
quantitative research methods with cross sectional approaches. The
results of the research based on the Chi-Square test show that there is
a significant relationship between good knowledge and positive physical
ergonomic behavior of students while studying. Good knowledge can stimulate
positive behavior in applying good physical ergonomic behavior, and by applying
good physical ergonomic behavior.
Furthermore, based on research conducted by (Setyowati &
Fatimahhayati, 2021) with the title "Ergonomic Work Attitude
Training for Manik-Manik Crafters in Samarinda's Pampang Cultural
Village". The method used is in the form of training to increase
understanding or awareness about the application of ergonomic body attitudes
when working. The results of evaluating activities through pre-test and post-test
questionnaires show that there is an increase in knowledge and
understanding of ergonomic work attitudes.
The main focus that must be improved by the
organization or industry is the knowledge and work attitude of employees. The
aspect of work knowledge is a factor that is no less important in an
organization. Individuals or employees (HR) who do not have or even have little
knowledge and will hinder the success of an institution, organization and/or
agency. Therefore, every employee must
maintain, develop and always add to their knowledge. The knowledge factor is very important for employees
because without knowledge, they do not know what to do and do. With a good
mastery of work knowledge and fair and appropriate encouragement received by
employees, employees will be motivated to work as well as possible and
responsibly (Setyorini et al., 2017). (Setyorini et al., 2021).
In addition to knowledge, to help improve
ergonomic behavior in an industry, it should be required that each employee
must have a good attitude. Work attitude can be used as an indicator of whether
a job is running smoothly or not. If the work attitude is carried out properly,
the work will run smoothly. Work attitude as a tendency of thoughts and
feelings of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their work. Indicators of
employees who are satisfied with their jobs will work hard, be honest, not be
lazy and help advance the industry. Conversely, employees who are dissatisfied
with their jobs will work arbitrarily, want to work if there is supervision,
are dishonest, which can ultimately harm the industry. It can be interpreted
that work attitude is a work attitude is a thought and feeling of satisfaction
or dissatisfaction, like or dislike for his job with a tendency to respond
positively or negatively to get what he wants in his job (Pitriyani,
2020).
Based on initial studies conducted by
researchers to 10 employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency. There are 7 out of 10
workers who do not understand ergonomics such as how to lift weights, the
maximum limit of the load lifted, the use of Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE), the effects of lifting excessive loads. While in the SME section,
understanding the principles of ergonomics is very important, because the work
carried out by employees is closely related to ergonomics. The lack of
awareness of workers in applying ergonomic behavior is influenced by factors of
knowledge and work attitudes. Poor knowledge and work attitudes are caused by
the lack of application of ergonomics by the industry to workers. In addition,
workers also lack understanding of ergonomics in the work environment.
Based on the description above, ergonomic
behavior is influenced by several things, including the knowledge and attitudes
of employees towards their work. The broader the knowledge of workers will have
a better impact on ergonomic behavior. Likewise, workers who maintain a good
work attitude will also have better ergonomic behavior. In this case, the
industry has an important role in increasing employee knowledge and attitudes
in order to create good industrial quantity and quality. Increasing
knowledge and attitudes can be done through training programs (training),
job rotation, giving rewards to employees in the hope that employees
will maintain the skills they already have and provide knowledge to other
employees so that the realization of maximum ergonomic behavior . To find
out the ergonomic behavior in an industry, the researcher took a sample
research site at UPT LIK Kab. Magetan.
Based on the above background, the researcher
is interested in examining the relationship between knowledge and attitudes
towards the application of ergonomics with employee work productivity at UPT
LIK Kab. Magetan.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the
relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards ergonomic behavior of
employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency.
Research Methods
Research Design
The selection and determination of the
research design is carried out after the formulation of the research hypothesis
for the purposes of hypothesis testing or to answer research questions as well
as a tool to control or control various variables that affect the research
(Nursalam, 2013).
In
this study, researchers used analytical observation research which aims to find
the relationship between variables. The definition of analytical observation
according to Sugiyono (2013), which is a method that serves to describe or
provide an overview of an object under study through data or samples that have
been collected as is without conducting analysis to make conclusions that apply
to the public. This research design is a cross sectional design . The research method
used is a survey using a questionnaire with a cross sectional approach.
The cross sectional approach is a research design by taking
measurements or observations at the same time or once upon a time. (Rachman, 2018). This study aims to identify the
relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards ergonomic behavior of UPT
LIK employees in Magetan Regency.
This
study contains a questionnaire to determine the extent of employees' knowledge
and attitudes about ergonomics. The purpose of distributing questionnaires is
to find out the knowledge and attitudes of employees regarding ergonomics at
UPT LIK Magetan Regency. By knowing the results of the questionnaire
related to employee knowledge and attitudes, it will be seen that there is a
relationship or no relationship between the independent variable and the
dependent variable.
Population can be interpreted as all elements
in research including objects and subjects with certain characteristics and
characteristics (Nur, 2023). The population in this study were all employees at
UPT LIK Kab. Magetan with a total of 230 people.
The sample is simply defined as part of the
population which is the actual source of data in a study (Nur, 2023). The
sample used in this study was part of the population of employees at UPT LIK
Kab. Magetan. In determining the number of samples in this study using the
Slovin formula (Nursalam, 2016) as follows:
Description:
n : Sample size to be sought
N :
Population size
E : Margin of
error
Based on the Slovin formula above, the
minimum sample size can be calculated as follows:
So the number of samples used in this study
were 70 employees of UPT LIK Kab. Magetan.
Sampling technique is a sampling technique,
which is used to determine a sample that will be used in a study. Sampling techniques are grouped into two, namely probability
sampling and nonprobability sampling (Sugiyono, 2020).
In this study, researchers used probability
sampling techniques, namely simple random sampling to determine the
samples to be used in the study. Simple random sampling is the taking of
sample members from a population that is carried out randomly without regard to
the strata in the population (Sugiyono, 2018).
The characteristics of the sample do not
deviate from the population, so before sampling, the criteria are determined:
a.
Inclusion
Criteria
Inclusion criteria are general
characteristics of research subjects from an affordable target population that
will be studied (Nursalam, 2017). The inclusion criteria in this study are as
follows:
a)
Physically
and mentally healthy.
b)
Willing to be
a research respondent.
b.
Exclusion
Criteria
Exclusion criteria are eliminating or
removing subjects who do not meet the study inclusion criteria for various
reasons (Nursalam, 2017). The exclusion criteria in this study are as follows:
a)
In a state of
illness that may affect the research process
b)
During the
work permit period
In determining this sample, the researcher
uses the Slovin formula, where n is the sample size to be sought,
N is the population size and e is the margin of error which is the
amount of error expected or determined. Sampling using a simple random
sampling system, namely each population element has the same opportunity to
be taken and sampled (Arieska et al, 2018).
The study used the respondent's data
collection technique through a questionnaire sheet that had been given. Data
collection was carried out by researchers and teammates where research
respondents were determined according to the research sample of 70 people. The data
collection stage at the beginning of the study with permission to the UPT LIK
Kab. Magetan, then the research
explained the purpose and objectives of the research to be carried out. After
distributing the questionnaire, the researcher then processed the data by editing,
scoring, entering, and tabulating.
Results and Discussion
Research Results
From the questionnaires that have been
distributed by researchers to respondents, the characteristics of respondents
are obtained, namely age and level of education of employees at UPT LIK Kab
Magetan. The characteristics of the respondents of UPT LIK Kab Magetan can be
seen as follows:
Characteristics of Respondents
Based on the age of employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency.
Table 1
Frequency
Distribution of Respondents Based on Age Level
|
No. |
Age |
Quantity (f) |
Percentage (%) |
|
1 |
20-25 Years |
14 |
20,0 |
|
2 |
26-30 Years |
17 |
24,3 |
|
3 |
31-35 Years |
7 |
20,0 |
|
4 |
36-40 Years |
8 |
11,4 |
|
5 |
41-45 Years |
14 |
20,0 |
|
6 |
46-50 Years |
5 |
7,1 |
|
7 |
51-55 Years |
4 |
5,7 |
|
8 |
56-60 Years |
1 |
1,4 |
|
Total |
70 |
100 |
|
Source: Primary Data, 2024
Based on table 5.1 shows that most of the
employees of UPT LIK Kab Magetan, a total of 70 respondents, are mostly aged
26-30 years, of which there are 17 respondents (24.3%), aged 20-25 years there
are 14 respondents (20.0%), and aged 41-45 years there are 14 respondents
(20.0%). It is concluded that the average employee at UPT LIK Magetan Regency
is aged 20-45 years with a total of 45 employees.
Characteristics of Respondents Based on
Employee Education at UPT LIK Magetan Regency.
Table 2 Frequency Distribution
of Respondents Based on Education Level
Source: Primary Data, 2024
Based on table 5.2 shows that most of the UPT
LIK Kab Magetan employees out of a total of 70 respondents, the majority have a
high school (high school) and junior high school (junior high school)
education, namely 36 respondents with a percentage of 51.4% for high school,
while as many as 15 respondents with a percentage of 21.4% for junior high
school. Respondents with the lowest level of education are elementary school,
namely 4 respondents with a percentage of 5.7%, while college is known as 1
respondent with a percentage of 1.4%. It is concluded that the average employee
at UPT LIK Magetan Regency education level is SMA (High School) with a total of
36 employees and SMP (Junior High School) with a total of 15 employees.
Univariate analysis
in this study will discuss the characteristics of respondents based on the
dependent variable, namely ergonomic behavior of employees at LIK Magetan
Regency and the independent variables, namely knowledge and attitude.
Frequency Distribution of
Respondents Based on Knowledge of Ergonomic Behavior in employees at UPT LIK
Magetan Regency
Based on the
research that has been done, an analysis of the results of good and bad
knowledge can be seen in the table below:
Table
5. 1 Frequency Distribution of Respondents Based on Ergonomic Knowledge
|
Knowledge |
Frequency (N) |
Percentage (%) |
|
Good |
4 |
5,7 |
|
Not good |
66 |
94,3 |
|
Total |
70 |
100,0 |
Source: Primary Data, 2024
In Table 5.3 there
is a frequency distribution based on ergonomic knowledge, showing that
employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency have good ergonomic knowledge with the
number of worker respondents 4 (5.7%). While employees who have poor ergonomic
knowledge there are 66 worker respondents at UPT LIK Magetan Regency (94.3%).
Frequency
Distribution of Respondents Based on Ergonomic Attitudes in employees at UPT
LIK Magetan Regency
Based on the
research that has been done, an analysis of the results of positive and
negative ergonomic attitudes can be seen in the table below:
Table 4 Frequency Distribution of
Respondents Based on Ergonomic Attitudes
|
Attitude |
Frequency (N) |
Percentage (%) |
|
Positive |
35 |
50,0 |
|
Negative |
35 |
50,0 |
|
Total |
70 |
100,0 |
Source: Primary
Data, 2024
In table 5.4 there
is a frequency distribution based on ergonomic attitudes, showing that
employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency have a positive ergonomic attitude with 35
(50%) worker respondents. While employees who have a negative ergonomic
attitude with the number of worker respondents 35 (50%).
Frequency Distribution of
Ergonomic Behavior Respondents in employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency
Based on the
research that has been done, an analysis of the results of positive and
negative ergonomic behavior can be seen in the table below:
Table 5 Frequency Distribution of
Respondents Based on Ergonomic Behavior
|
Behavior |
Frequency (N) |
Percentage (%) |
|
Positive |
46 |
65,7 |
|
Negative |
24 |
34,3 |
|
Total |
70 |
100,0 |
Source: Primary Data, 2024
In table 5 there is
a frequency distribution based on ergonomic behavior, showing that employees at
UPT LIK Magetan Regency have positive ergonomic behavior with 46 (65.7%) worker
respondents. While employees who have negative ergonomic behavior with the
number of worker respondents 24 (34.3%).
The bivariate
analysis conducted in this study aims to determine the relationship between the
independent variable and the dependent variable using statistical tests. The
statistical test used in this study is the Chi-Square test with a significance
level of 0.05. The following are the results of the bivariate analysis in this
study as follows:
Relationship
between Knowledge and Ergonomic Behavior in Employees at UPT LIK Magetan
Regency
Based on research
that has been carried out by researchers, the results of the analysis of the
relationship between good and bad knowledge of good and bad ergonomic behavior
can be seen in the table below:
Table 6 Relationship between Knowledge and Ergonomic Behavior
|
Knowledge |
Behavioral Ergonomics |
Total |
P-Value |
||||
|
Good |
Not good |
||||||
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
N |
% |
||
|
Good |
3 |
4,3 |
1 |
1,4 |
4 |
5,7 |
0,687 |
|
Not good |
43 |
61,4 |
23 |
32,9 |
66 |
94,3 |
|
|
Total |
46 |
65,7 |
24 |
34,3 |
70 |
100,0 |
|
Source: Primary Data
Processing Results, 2024
Based on table 6
above, the results of the analysis of knowledge with ergonomic behavior of
employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency showed that there were 4 respondents with
good knowledge and good behavior as many as 3 employee respondents (4.3%).
While there are 66 respondents with poor knowledge and there are as many as 43
employees with good behavior (61.4%).
The results of the Chi-Square test can be said that there is no relationship
between knowledge and ergonomic behavior of employees at UPT LIK Magetan
Regency with a p value = 0.687 greater than the value of a = 0.05. So it can be
concluded that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected because there is no
significant relationship between knowledge and ergonomic behavior.
Relationship between attitude
and ergonomic behavior in employees at LIK Magetan Regency
Based on research
that has been carried out by researchers, the results of the analysis of the relationship
between positive and negative attitudes towards good and bad ergonomic behavior
can be seen in the table below:
Table 7 Relationship
between Attitude and Ergonomic Behavior
|
Attitude |
Behavioral Ergonomics |
Total |
P-Value |
||||
|
Good |
Not good |
||||||
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
||
|
Positive |
31 |
44,3 |
4 |
5,7 |
35 |
50,0 |
0,000 |
|
Negative |
15 |
21,4 |
20 |
28,6 |
35 |
50,0 |
|
|
Total |
46 |
65,7 |
24 |
34,3 |
70 |
100,0 |
|
Source: Primary
Data Processing Results, 2024
Based on table 7
above, the results of the analysis of attitudes with ergonomic behavior of
employees at LIK Magetan Regency showed that there were 35 respondents with a
positive attitude and behaved well as many as 31 employees (44.3%). While there
are 35 respondents with negative attitudes and good behavior as many as 15
employees (21.4%).
The Chi Square test results can be said
that there is a relationship between knowledge and ergonomic behavior of
employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency with a p value = 0.000 smaller than the
value of a = 0.05. So it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted
because there is a significant relationship between attitude and ergonomic
behavior.
Discussion
Based on the
results of the study it can be seen that the knowledge of employees at UPT LIK Magetan
Regency can be seen that most have poor knowledge as many as 66 people or 94.3%
and employees who have good knowledge as many as 4 people or 5.7%.
Based on the questionnaire of respondents who
answered the following question 1 which is the definition of ergonomics, most
respondents had poor knowledge as many as 55 respondents (78.5%) and those with
good knowledge were 15 respondents (21.4%). Respondents who answered question 2
ergonomics in brief can also be interpreted that most respondents had poor
knowledge as many as 50 respondents (71.4%) and those with good knowledge were
20 respondents (28.5%).
Respondents who answered question 3 of the
application of ergonomics in the workplace can produce several benefits, namely
most of the respondents had good knowledge as many as 37 respondents (52.8%)
and those with poor knowledge were 33 respondents (47.1%). Respondents who
answered question 4 the enormous benefits of ergonomics can create most of the
respondents had good knowledge as many as 66 respondents (94.2%) and those with
poor knowledge were 4 respondents (5.7%). Respondents who answered question 5 ergonomics
aims for most respondents had good knowledge as many as 40 respondents (57.1%)
and those with poor knowledge were 30 respondents (42.8%).
Respondents who answered question 6 ergonomic
work system design aims to improve, except most respondents had good knowledge
as many as 42 respondents (60%) and who had poor knowledge as many as 28
respondents (40%). Respondents who answered question 7 which is the limit of
manual lifting for adult male workers, most respondents had poor knowledge as
many as 59 respondents (84.2%) and those with good knowledge were 11
respondents (15.7%).
Respondents who answered question 8 lifting
excessive weight can cause most respondents to have good knowledge as many as
63 respondents (90%) and those with poor knowledge were 7 respondents (10%).
Respondents who answered question 9 loads that are ready to be moved should be
lifted as high as most respondents had good knowledge as many as 46 respondents
(65.7%) and those with poor knowledge were 24 respondents (34.2%).
Respondents who answered question 10 how to
lift weights or goods when standing were most respondents had poor knowledge as
many as 58 respondents (82.8%) and those who had good knowledge were 12
respondents (17.1%). Respondents who answered question 11 in lifting weights
should not be too high because it can cause most respondents to have poor
knowledge as many as 56 respondents (80%) and those with poor knowledge as many
as 14 respondents (20%).
Respondents who answered question 12 how the
distance of the load to our body before lifting most of the respondents had
good knowledge as many as 60 respondents (85.7%) and those who had poor
knowledge were 10 respondents (14.2%). Respondents who answered question 13 the
following is the right way to lift goods when squatting most respondents had
poor knowledge as many as 44 respondents (62.8) and those with good knowledge
were 26 respondents (37.1%).
Respondents who answered question 14 the
position of lifting weights by bending can cause most respondents to have poor
knowledge as many as 60 respondents (85.7%) and those with good knowledge were
10 respondents (14.2%). Respondents who answered question 15 below which did
not include unsafe behavior were most respondents had good knowledge as many as
45 respondents (65.7%) and those with poor knowledge were 25 respondents
(35.7%).
Respondents who answered question 16 Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) is used to protect the body from danger. Mention the
type of work that is required to use PPE most respondents have good knowledge
as many as 52 respondents (74.2%) and those who have poor knowledge are 18
respondents (25.7%). Respondents who answered question 17 below, which is not
an element that causes accidents, most respondents had good knowledge as many
as 62 respondents (88.5%0 and those with poor knowledge were 8 respondents (11.4%).
Respondents who answered question 18 what
should I do if I see unsafe conditions in the work environment most of the
respondents had good knowledge as many as 45 respondents (65.7%) and those with
poor knowledge were 25 respondents (35.7%). Respondents who answered question
19 Mild work accidents occur to themselves while at work what to do most of the
respondents had poor knowledge as many as 38 respondents (54.2%) and those with
good knowledge were 32 respondents (45.7%). Respondents who answered question
20 Noise, heat, and vibration are included in the hazards most respondents had
poor knowledge as many as 52 respondents (74.2%) and those with good knowledge
were 18 respondents (25.7%).
Based on the table
above, it can be seen that the highest answer chosen by the questionnaire with
a good category is in question item number 4, namely about the enormous benefits of ergonomics with the total number of answers of 66 people
or 94.2%. While the lowest answer chosen in the questionnaire with a good
category is in question item number 14, namely the position of lifting weights
by bending can cause anything with an answer of 10 people or 14.2%.
Furthermore, the
highest answer chosen by the questionnaire in the unfavorable category
was in question item number 14, namely about the position of lifting weights by
bending can cause anything with a total answer of 60 people or 85.7%. While the
lowest answer chosen in the questionnaire with a good category was in question
item number 4, namely about the benefits of ergonomics can create anything with
the number of answers of 4 people or 5.7%.
This study is in
line with research conducted by Samfriati Sinurat et al (2023) on the
relationship between knowledge and the application of body ergonomics during online
learning in level II students of the Ners Study Program of Stikes Santa
Elisabeth Medan in 2023 where the results of the study state that 77.4% of
workers have knowledge of the application of good ergonomics. From the results
of statistical tests using the chi-square test, a p-value of 0.109 (<0.05)
was obtained, which means that there is no relationship between knowledge and
the application of body ergonomics during online learning in Level II Students
of the Ners Study Program of STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan in 2022.
Knowledge is everything that a person gets
from sensing an object. Knowledge is
a very important domain in shaping a person's actions. Occupational health and
safety knowledge is the science of occupational safety health that can be used
to protect oneself while working to prevent the possibility of accidents and
occupational diseases. OHS knowledge is also information that can make workers
aware that in every workplace there can be mild or severe hazards.
Based on the description above, it can be
concluded that employees who have good knowledge know the definition, benefits
and application of ergonomic behavior. However, not all employees who have good
knowledge have good ergonomic behavior as well. In this study, employees who
have poor knowledge are more than employees who have good
knowledge. This is because many workers still do not know about ergonomics such
as Ergonomics in general, how to lift weights, the maximum limit of the load
that is lifted, the impact of lifting weights too high, the impact of lifting
weights by bending, the impact of lifting excessive weights, and the category
of physical hazards.
Based on the
results of the study it can be seen that the attitude of employees at UPT LIK
Magetan Regency can be seen that most have a positive attitude as many as 35
people or 50% and employees who have a negative attitude as many as 35 people
or 50%. So it
can be concluded that the ergonomic attitudes of employees are equal.
Based on the questionnaire of respondents who
answered respondents who answered statement 1 at work I lift weights (leather)
with an upright body position most of the respondents had a positive attitude
as many as 54 respondents (77.1%) and who had a negative attitude as many as 16
respondents (22.8%). Respondents who answered statement 2 working in a good
position or posture will prevent occupational diseases, most of the respondents
had a positive attitude as many as 65 respondents (92.8%) and those who had a
negative attitude were 5 respondents (7.1%).
Respondents who answered statement 3
positioning tools in an easily accessible place will help me to work as most
respondents had a positive attitude as many as 68 respondents (97.1%) and those
who had a negative attitude were 2 respondents (2.8%). Respondents who answered
statement 4 organizing the work station (place) to be as comfortable as
possible will increase my workload, most of the respondents had a negative
attitude as many as 47 respondents (67.1%) and those who had a positive
attitude were 23 respondents (32.8).
Respondents who answered statement 5 doing
light stretches while working will increase the feeling of comfort in my body
most of the respondents had a positive attitude as many as 67 respondents
(95.7) and those who had a negative attitude were 3 respondents (4.2%).
Respondents who answered statement 6 adjusting the height of the leather pile
to my height will reduce my workload, most respondents had a positive attitude
(81.4%) and those who had a negative attitude were 13 respondents (18.5%).
Respondents who answered statement 7 moving
piles of leather using tools will make it easier than not using tools mostly
had a positive attitude as many as 60 respondents (85.7%) and those who had a
negative attitude were 10 respondents (14.2%). Respondents who answered
statement 8 My back must be bent when lifting weights mostly had a positive
attitude as many as 57 respondents (81.4%) and those who had a negative
attitude were 13 respondents (18.5%).
Respondents who answered statement 9 spinal
pain due to lifting skin in a bent and reaching position had a positive
attitude as many as 60 respondents (85.7%) and those who had a negative
attitude were 10 respondents (14.2%). Respondents who answered statement 10 I
hold the side of the object that I will lift carefully, most respondents had a
positive attitude as many as 65 respondents (92.8) and those who had a negative
attitude were 5 respondents (7.1%).
Respondents who answered statement 11 I bend
my arms when lifting heavy loads in accordance with the provisions as many as
67 respondents (95.7%) had a positive attitude and 3 respondents (4.2%) had a
negative attitude. Respondents who answered statement 12 if the pile of leather
is above the pile of goods then I lift it in a half-squat position and a
straight back most of the respondents had a negative attitude as many as 41
respondents (58.5%) and those who had a positive attitude were 29 respondents (41.4%).
Respondents who answered statement 13 I do
lifting work with bad work postures such as bending, reaching and squatting
most of the respondents had a negative attitude as many as 42 respondents (60%)
and those who had a positive attitude were 28 respondents (40%). Respondents
who answered statement 14 when lifting weights, my body position is squatting,
the fulcrum is in the middle of the body and one leg as a steeper most of the
respondents had a positive attitude as many as 37 respondents (52.8%) and those
who had a negative attitude were 33 respondents (47.1%). Respondents who
answered the statement 15 I do bad work attitudes by bending over and over
again, most of the respondents had a negative attitude as many as 62
respondents (88.5%) and those who had a positive attitude were 8 respondents
(11.4%).
Based on the
description above, it can be seen that the highest answer chosen by the
questionnaire with a positive category is in statement item number 3, namely
about positioning the tools in an easily accessible place that will help
employees to work with the number of answers of 68 respondents or 97.1%. While
the lowest answer chosen in the questionnaire with a positive category was in
question item number 15, namely employees doing bad work attitudes by bending
over and over again with the answers of 8 people or 11.4%.
Furthermore, the
highest answer chosen by the questionnaire with a negative category was in
statement item number 15, namely employees doing bad work attitudes by bending
over and over again with the answers of 62 people or 88.5%. While the lowest
answer chosen in the questionnaire with a negative category was in question
item number 3, namely about positioning the tools in an easily accessible place
that will help employees to work with the number of answers of 2 respondents or
2.8%.
This study is in
line with research conducted by Utami et al (2018) on the relationship between
knowledge of ergonomic attitudes and misculoskeletal disorders in nurses at
Husada Hospital 44.5% of respondents had a good level of knowledge about
ergonomic attitudes.
According to
(Azwar, 2013) people's attitudes towards an object are feelings of favor or
feelings of impartiality towards the object. Specifically, attitude is the
degree of positive effect or negative effect on psychological objects. This is
because work attitude can be used as an
indicator of whether a job is running smoothly or not. If the work attitude is
carried out properly, the work will run smoothly. Work attitude as a tendency
to think and feel satisfied or dissatisfied with his job. Indicators of employees
who are satisfied with their work will work hard, be honest, not lazy and help
advance the industry.
Based on the
description above, it can be concluded that employees who have positive
attitudes and negative attitudes are balanced or equal in value. This is
because the industry has not yet applied ergonomic work attitudes to its
employees. From the results of the study, most respondents had good ergonomic
work attitudes and the rest were not good due to the lack of supervision,
training and socialization about ergonomics in the industrial environment. In
addition, respondents also do not know about organizing work stations according
to worker comfort, and the position of the body lifting stacks of goods.
Behavior About Ergonomics
Based on the
results of the study, it can be seen that the ergonomic behavior of employees
at UPT LIK Magetan Regency can be seen that most have positive behavior as many
as 46 people or 65.7% and employees who have negative behavior as many as 24
people or 34.2%. So it can be concluded that the ergonomic behavior of
employees is mostly in the positive category.
Based on the questionnaire, respondents who
answered statement 1 I lift the load (skin) with an upright body position, most
of the respondents had positive behavior as many as 55 respondents (78.5%) and
those who had negative behavior were 15 respondents (21.4%). Respondents who
answered statement 2 I work in a comfortable and correct position or posture,
most of the respondents had positive behavior as many as 68 respondents (97.1%)
and those who had negative behavior were 2 respondents (2.8%).
Respondents who answered statement 3 I
position tools in an easily accessible place, most of the respondents had
positive behavior as many as 66 respondents (94.2%) and those who had negative
behavior were 4 respondents (5.7%). Respondents who answered statement 4 I
arrange the work station (place) to be as comfortable as possible to facilitate
work, most of the respondents had positive behavior as many as 61 respondents
(87.1%) and those who had negative behavior were 9 respondents (12.8%).
Respondents who answered statement 5
performing the same movements repeatedly/repetitively while working every day
mostly had positive behavior as many as 36 respondents (51.4%) and those who
had negative behavior were 34 respondents (48.5%). Respondents who answered
statement 6 I adjust the height of the leather pile according to my height
posture will most of the respondents had positive behavior as many as 60
respondents (85.7%) and those who had negative behavior were 10 respondents
(14.2%).
Respondents who answered statement 7 I move
piles of leather using tools or the help of colleagues to minimize work risks
mostly had positive behavior as many as 60 respondents (85.7%) and those who
had negative behavior were 10 respondents (14.2%). Respondents who answered
statement 8 I bend my back when lifting weights mostly had positive behavior as
many as 54 respondents (77.1%) and those who had negative behavior were 16
respondents (22.8%).
Respondents who answered statement 9 held the
side of the object that I was going to lift carefully, most of the respondents
had positive behavior as many as 59 respondents (84.2%) and those who had
negative behavior were 11 respondents (15.7%). Respondents who answered
statement 10 I experience spinal pain due to lifting skin in a bent and
reaching position most of the respondents had positive behavior as many as 36
respondents (51.4%) and those who had negative behavior were 34 respondents
(48.5%).
Respondents who answered statement 11 bending
their arms when lifting heavy loads in accordance with the provisions mostly
had positive behavior as many as 66 respondents (94.2%) and those who had
negative behavior were 4 respondents (5.7%). Respondents who answered statement
12 I lift piles of leather in a half-squatting position with a straight back
mostly had positive behavior as many as 58 respondents (82.8%) and those who
had negative behavior were 12 respondents (17.1%).
Respondents who answered statement 13 I lift
with poor working postures, such as bending, reaching and squatting, most of
the respondents had negative behavior as many as 42 respondents (60%) and those
who had positive behavior were 28 respondents (40%). Respondents who answered
statement 14 I lift weights with a squatting body position, fulcrum in the
middle of the body and one leg as most respondents had negative behavior as
many as 43 respondents (61.4%) and who had positive behavior as many as 27 respondents
(38.5%). Respondents who answered statement 15 My work attitude is bad with
repetitive bending, most respondents had negative behavior as many as 37
respondents (52.8%) and those who had positive behavior were 33 respondents
(47.1%).
Based on the
description above, it can be seen that the highest answer chosen by the
questionnaire with a positive category (good) is in statement item number 2,
namely about employees working in a comfortable and correct position or posture
with the number of answers of 68 respondents or 97.1%. While the lowest answer
chosen in the questionnaire with a positive category (good) is in question item
number 14, namely employees lifting weights with a squatting body position,
fulcrum in the middle of the body and one leg as a steamer with the answer 27
people or 38.5%.
Furthermore, the
highest answer chosen by the questionnaire with a negative category (not good)
is in statement item number 14, namely employees lifting weights with a
squatting body position, fulcrum in the middle of the body and one leg as a
steamer with the answer of 43 people or 61.4%. While the lowest answer chosen
in the questionnaire with a negative category (not good) is in statement item
number 2, namely about employees working in a comfortable and correct position
or posture with the number of answers of 2 respondents or 2.8%.
This research is in
line with research conducted by Setiyowati and Hartati (2018) on the
relationship between knowledge, physical ergonomic behavior of high school
students while studying and the incidence of back pain in West Jakarta high
school students, stating that 62.3% of respondents had positive ergonomic
behavior.
According to
(Heinrich, 1980) states that unsafe behavior minimizes the occurrence of
accidents in the workplace. With good work behavior, one of the efforts
reflects occupational health and safety in order to avoid work accidents and
occupational diseases (PAK).
Based on the
description above, it can be concluded that employees who have positive
behavior are more than employees who have negative behavior. This is because
most employees have been able to behave positively such as employees working in
a comfortable and correct position or posture, positioning tools in an easily accessible place,
adjusting the height of the pile of skins according to my height posture,
adjusting the height of the pile of skins according to the height posture of
the worker.
Relationship between Knowledge and Ergonomic Behavior
Based on the
results of bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between knowledge
and employee ergonomic behavior, it can be seen that respondents who have good
knowledge of good ergonomic behavior are 3 respondents with a percentage of
4.3% and good knowledge of bad behavior as many as 1 person or 1.4%. While
respondents with poor knowledge of good ergonomic behavior were 43 people or
61.4% and poor knowledge of ergonomic behavior was not good as many as 23
respondents with a percentage of 32.9%. So that the p value is 0.687 which is
greater than 0.05 which means that there is no significant relationship between
knowledge and ergonomic behavior of employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency.
Based on the
questionnaires that the researchers have distributed and the data has been
processed from several questions on the knowledge variable, it is known that
employees' knowledge of ergonomic behavior is still lacking and do not know
well about ergonomic behavior such as work positions and work processes. Employees lack
knowledge about the importance of ergonomic behavior in order to maintain the
safety of themselves and others. In addition, employees also lack understanding
of the main objectives of ergonomic behavior, namely the achievement of a productive work system and has good work
quality accompanied by a sense of comfort, convenience and also work efficiency
without neglecting aspects of occupational health and safety. Ergonomics can be
applied in work to increase work productivity in an organization in industry.
The absence of a significant relationship
between knowledge and ergonomic behavior in this study is not in line with
research by Setiyowati & Hartati (2022) which states that good knowledge
can provide a positive stimulus for positive behavior in applying good physical
ergonimic behavior, and by applying good physical ergonomic behavior.
Based on the facts in the field, it is known
that employees' knowledge of ergonomic behavior in the leather making process
is still in the bad category. This is evident when researchers conducted
research, most employees were still confused and did not understand what
ergonomic behavior meant. This is because many workers still do not know about
ergonomics such as Ergonomics in general, how to lift weights, the maximum
limit of the load lifted, the effect of lifting weights too high, the effect of
lifting weights by bending, the effect of lifting excessive weights, and the
category of physical hazards. While in the SME section, understanding the
principles of ergonomics is very important, because the work carried out by
employees is closely related to ergonomics. The lack of awareness of workers in
applying ergonomic behavior is influenced by factors of knowledge and work
attitudes. Poor knowledge and work attitudes are caused by the lack of
application of ergonomics by the industry to workers. In addition, workers also
lack understanding of ergonomics in the work environment.
Relationship
between Attitude and Ergonomic Behavior
Based on the
results of bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between attitudes
towards employee ergonomic behavior, it can be seen that respondents who have a
positive attitude towards good ergonomic behavior are 31 people or 44.3% and a
positive attitude towards bad behavior are 4 people or 5.7%. While respondents
with a negative attitude towards good ergonomic behavior were 15 people or
21.4% and a negative attitude towards unfavorable ergonomic behavior were 20
people or 28.6%. So that the p value is 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05 which
means that there is a significant relationship between attitudes and ergonomic
behavior of employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency.
Based on the
questionnaires that the researchers have distributed and the data has been
processed from several questions on the attitude variable, it is known that the
attitude of employees towards ergonomic behavior is good. This is because
employees do not understand in theory about ergonomic knowledge but in its
application as evidenced in the attitude at work, most employees are able to
behave ergonomically.
This research is in
line with research conducted by Utami (2018) where there is knowledge about
ergonomic attitudes on muculoskeletas disorders in hospital nurses. Repetitive work, movements that are done
quickly, bad posture can cause a disease or symptoms that attack certain parts
of the body if done frequently.
Based on the facts
in the field, it was found that employees at UPT LIK Magetan Regency were able
to position the tools in an easily accessible place. This has been applied
because it makes it easier to find the necessary tools besides that the work
will be more efficient and not waste much time. In addition, the fact that
employees have also applied a comfortable and correct position or posture. The
importance of a good and correct working position is to maintain personal
safety and the health of the employee's posture. In addition, this is also
evident in employees who lift products such as leather with an upright body
position not slouching.
Conclusion
Based on the
results of research conducted by researchers on UPT LIK Magetan Regency employ
ees about the
relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards ergonomic behavior, the
following conclusions can be drawn:
1. Most employees'
knowledge of employee ergonomic behavior is in the poor category.
2. Employee attitudes
towards employee ergonomic behavior are in the same category.
3. Most of the
ergonomic behavior of employees at UPT LIK Magetan is already in the good
category.
4. There is no
significant relationship between knowledge and ergonomic behavior in employees
of UPT LIK Magetan Regency.
5. There is a significant
relationship between attitude and ergonomic behavior in employees of UPT LIK Magetan Regency.
REFERENCES
Aidelwees,
T., & Candra, S. (2021). Peminatan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Prodi
S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat Stikes Bhakti Husada Mulia Madiun Tahun 2021.
Joniarta, I. W., Wijana, M., Chatur Adi W.A., I. G.
A. K., Bawa Susana, I. G., & Suartika, I. M. (2022). Analisis Penerapan
Konsep Ergonomi Untuk Mendesain Mesin Potong Kulit Kerang Mutiara. Energy,
Materials and Product Design, 1(2), 53–63.
https://doi.org/10.29303/empd.v1i2.1521
Rachman, T. (2018). Analisis Kepuasan terhadap
Pelayanan Kefarmasian bagi Pasien Diabetes Millitus Tipe 2 Anggota Program
Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) di Pueskesmas Bringin. Thesis,
10–27.
Rosidin, N. S. U. (2024). CEGAH CEDERA SAAT
BEKERJA DENGAN MENERAPKAN ERGONOMI TUBUH YANG BENAR BAGI KESEHATAN DI
PERUSAHAAN MEKARJAYA GARUT. 19(5), 1–23.
Samfriati Sinurat, Friska Ginting, & Diana
Abigail Siagian. (2023). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Penerapan Ergonomi Tubuh
Saat Pembelajaran Online Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Ii Prodi Ners Stikes Santa
Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2022. Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah, 2(10),
3837–3844. https://doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i10.5846
Setiyowati, Y. D., & Hartati, Y. R. (2022).
Hubungan antara Pengetahuan, Perilaku Ergonomi Fisik Siswa Sma saat Belajar dan
Kejadian Nyeri Punggung pada Siswa SMA Jakarta Barat. Dunia Keperawatan:
Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Kesehatan, 10(1), 120–124.
https://doi.org/10.20527/jdk.v10i1.12
Setyorini, W., Khotimah, S., & Rafi’, M. (2021).
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Cv. Master Print Pangkalan Bun. Jurnal
Magenta, 9(2), 45–52.
Setyowati, D. L., & Fathimahhayati, L. D. (2021).
Pelatihan Sikap Kerja Ergonomis pada Pengrajin Manik-manik. JMM (Jurnal
Masyarakat Mandiri), 5(5), 2548–2555.
Utami, R. A., Setyaningsih, T., & Hemawayanti, H.
(2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Sikap Ergonomi Dengan Gangguan
Musculoskeletal Pada Perawat. Jurnal Kesehatan Holistic, 1(2),
90–104. https://doi.org/10.33377/jkh.v1i2.40
Wahyuningsih, S. (2018). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja
Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen, 3(2),
1–5.
Uyun, R. C., & Widowati, E. (2022). The Relationship Between
Workers' Knowledge of OHS and OHS Supervision with Unsafe Behavior (Unsafe
Action). Journal of Public Health (Undip), 10(3), 391-397.
https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v10i3.33318
Azzahri, L. M., & Ikhwan, K. I. (2019). The Relationship between Knowledge about the Use of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) and Compliance with the Use of PPE in Nurses at Kuok Health
Center. PREPOTIVE: Journal of Public Health, 3(1), 50-57.
Hidayat MS, M. T., Anita, A., Narayani, N. W. E., Mariana,
M., & Tosepu, R. (2021). Knowledge and Attitudes of Health Students About
Covid-19 Prevention in Kendari City. In Journal of Environmental Health,
Halu Oleo University (Vol. 1, Issue 4).
https://doi.org/10.37887/jkl-uho.v1i4.18802
|
Copyright Holder: Ahmad Reza Rifqi Izza1
, Retno Widiarini2 , Pipid Ari
Wibowo3 (2024) |
|
First
Publication Right: Journal
of Health Science |
|
This
article is licensed under: |