Volume 5, No. August 8, 2024
p ISSN
2723-6927-e ISSN 2723-4339
Effectiveness of Apuwood
Plants (Pistia Stratiotes) Using the Phytoremediation
Method in Reducing Bod Levels in Ciprat Langitan Magetan Batik Waste
Rizqi Isna Febrianti1*,
Pipid Ari Wibowo2, Avicena Sakufa Marsanti3
Environmental
Health Specialization, Public Health Undergraduate Study Program, Stikes Bhakti
Husada Mulia Madiun,
Indonesia1*23
Email: rizqiisnaa@gmail.com*
ABSTRACT
The batik industry
generally consists of residue, residual dye water, residual wax and batik pelorodan water. The characteristics of batik liquid waste
include high levels of Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and
Total Suspended Solids. Batik industry waste is considered dangerous, because
its characteristics can pollute waters such as turbidity in river water. The
aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of using apu wood plants (Pistia
Stratiotes) in reducing the BOD value in Ciprat Langitan Simbatan Magetan batik waste. The method used in this research is experimental, with
analysis using Quasi Experimental and using a Pretest-posttest Control Group
Design. The results of measuring BOD levels
with phytoremediation treatment of apu wood plants on
the 3rd day were 114 mg/l, on the 6th day it was 71 mg/l and on the 9th day it
was 53 mg/l. The percentage of effectiveness in reducing BOD levels on day 3
was 9.78%, on day 6 it was 45.31% and on the last day it was 58.20%. There was a
reduction in BOD levels with phytoremediation using apu
wood plants. The effectiveness of the apu wood plant
in reducing BOD levels was found with an exposure time of 9 days. Apart from
that, a long-standing treatment of more than 9 days can be used to measure the
effectiveness of apu wood plants in reducing the BOD
levels of batik liquid waste.
Keywords: Batik waste, BOD, Phytoremediation, Apu wood
INTRODUCTION
In
Indonesia, the development of textiles has increased quite rapidly, for example
batik cloth. As time goes by, changes in batik clothing models also develop
into various motifs. One example of the development of batik is in the Magetan area. The increasing number of batik enthusiasts
makes batik centres produce more than usual, 80% of the liquid waste produced
by the batik industry comes from the production process (SP Dewi & Alfiah, 2022).
The
batik industry is an industry that is found in people's daily lives. The
manufacturing process in the batik industry includes preparation, batiking, wax
removal (pelorodan) and finishing (Wibowo et al., 2019). Chemicals
used in the batik industry are used in the dyeing process. The stable nature of
synthetic dyes means that these dyes take a long time to decompose in the
environment, thus disturbing the balance of water bodies. This synthetic dye
contains heavy metal compounds. Heavy metals found in batik industry waste are
copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni). This has a negative impact on the surrounding environment and
public health, if the waste is thrown anywhere. For example, if waste is thrown
into the ground or river, it can pollute the land and river.
Excessive chemicals used in the dyeing process
produce waste water which has the potential to damage the surrounding
environment. Examples of materials that cause pollution are non-organic
materials, organic materials and heavy metals whose concentrations exceed the
specified quality standard values. Waste that has such characteristics can
cause various kinds of damage, especially to the environment and has the
potential to have a long-term impact on human health.
From the description that has been explained,
liquid batik waste must be analysed first before being discharged into the
river. This is done to find out whether the waste is harmful to the environment
or not. Therefore, various efforts will be made to overcome the problems caused
by waste water. This waste has a negative impact on the environment, for
example, water pollution and disruption of the photosynthesis process, causing
a reduction in oxygen which can result in the death of aquatic organisms, and
can cause irritation, poisoning, genetic mutations and cancer in humans.
Disposal of
large amounts of chemical waste causes pollution to the surrounding
environment. The batik industry generally consists of residue, residual dye
water, residual wax and batik peloria water. Apart from that, the
characteristics of batik liquid waste among them high levels
of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), as well as
Total Suspended Solid (TSS), temperature and acidity (PH). Batik industry waste
is considered dangerous, because its characteristics can pollute waters such as
turbidity in river water (Hidayatullah et
al., 2023).
BOD or Biological
Oxygen Demand is the dissolved oxygen needed by microorganisms to oxidize
chemical compounds. The BOD value does not indicate the actual amount of
organic material, only the amount needed to chemically oxidize the organic
material in the water
According
to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic
of Indonesia Number 5 of 2014 and Governor Regulation No. 52 of 2014 concerning
waste water quality standards for textile industry waste or batik industry on
the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) parameter, namely 60 mg/L(KLHK No. P.16, 2019).
One
of the famous batik centres in Magetan is Ciprat Langitan batik. The batik center is in Simbatan Village, Nguntoronadi District, Magetan
Regency. There are 17 workers at the Ciprat Langitan batik center. All the
workers are people with disabilities who live in Simbatan
Village. The batik produced by Cipat Langitan generally has splash motifs, but there are several
combination motifs such as Emil lurik batik, corner lurik, gedhek lurik,
wajik lurik, Bintang lurik, hancaraka, jumputan batik, canting splash combination and many more
batik motifs produced by the center. the. The tools
and materials for making batik include wax/wax, dye, where the color used is the remasol type,
and water glass which functions to lock the color on
the batik cloth.
The
management of liquid batik waste at the Splash Langitan
batik center is still not implemented. Lack of
knowledge and costs mean that the waste produced is immediately thrown away
without any prior processing. Based on the results of direct observations, the
liquid waste resulting from the coloring is
immediately disposed of through a ditch that flows into an absorption well
which will then be mixed with chlorine and color
clarifier, after a few days it settles in the absorption well, the waste then
flows into the nearest river.
The
results of a preliminary study carried out at the Splash Langitan
Simbatan batik center by
taking a sample of 2.5 liters of liquid batik waste
showed that the BOD content in batik industrial waste was 128 mg/l. Where, the
BOD content had exceeded the quality standards set by Regulation of the
Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of
2014 states that the BOD level for the textile industry should be 60mg/l.
The
importance of processing in the batik industry before it is discharged into
river bodies means that further action is needed regarding waste processing,
limited land and technology means that the waste is disposed of into the
environment. This has a bad effect on the surrounding environment, such as a
strong stench that disturbs people's comfort, besides that the biota in the
river dies, and also pollutes clean water sources around the batik industry.
Easy and simple waste management efforts need to be made to reduce water
pollution around small and medium batik industries.
Phytoremediation
is an alternative commonly used for processing liquid waste. By using
reservoirs or on-site waste contaminated areas, phytoremediation can be used to
address environmental problems. Phytoremediation is a method of using plants to
restore soil or areas contaminated with waste. This phytoremediation method can
be carried out by improving the media and the availability of microbes in the
soil to increase the efficiency of the degradation process of water pollutants,
so that the water becomes clean and free from pollutants.
Types
of plants used to reduce pollutants in the environment have the potential to
become phytoremediators in treating wastewater and waste, such as apu wood, water hyacinth, water celery, kangkong, genjer and other aquatic plants. One of the plants in the
phytoremediation process is the apu wood plant, whose
roots can function as a place for microbial growth and filtration, both of
which can improve water quality.
Apu wood is a plant that is able to break down
components in pollution. This plant is easy to find, has a fast germination
rate, fast growth, high water and nutrient absorption rates, and can adapt to
the climate very well. In addition, this plant can survive in calm water
conditions (Daya et al., 2023). Apu wood has advantages in processing waste, such as
organic and inorganic substances, even heavy metals. This plant can be used as
a water phytoremediator because of its ability to collect heavy metals in its
stems.
According
to (Erlita et al., 2022) explained
that the research that had been carried out showed that phytoremediation of
water hyacinth plants was able to neutralize pollutants in batik liquid waste.
This is shown in the results of the BOD and COD laboratory tests on the 7th
day, the BOD content decreased by 320.8 mg/l, while the COD value was 761.4
mg/l, so it is said to have decreased because the initial BOD level was before
treatment. namely 1,020 mg/l and COD of 2,000 mg/l. This research states that
the longer the phytoremediation time, the better the plant's effectiveness will
be.
Based on research conducted by(Masita As'ari et al., 2022)by
title Phytoremediation
of Tempe Wastewater Using the Apu Wood Plant (Pistia Stratiotes) showed that the Apu
Wood Plant proved that it could reduce the values of the TSS, COD
and BOD parameters even though the values obtained were still
above the quality standards for Tempe wastewater. The most effective treatment
was carried out by 15 plants, with the ability of Kayu Apu
plants to reduce TSS levels for 6 days, which can be seen in the treatment of 6
plants.
Meanwhile, based on research conducted
by (Daya
et al., 2023) with the title Effectiveness Power Absorbing Apu Wood Plants (Pistia
Stratiotes) Using the Phytoremediation Method in Reducing Bod and Cod
Parameters of Liquid Batik Waste Mukti Rahayu Magetan
2023 stated that the results of the research show that the longer the days in
the phytoremediation process have an effect on the process of reducing BOD and
COD levels in batik industrial waste . Proven by the most effective results of
reducing BOD and COD levels in this study, the 9th day variation showed the
results of reducing BOD levels of 140.6 mg/l with an effectiveness level of
85.22% and the results of reducing COD levels of 227.3 mg/l with an
effectiveness level of 76.5%.
From this background, research is needed on
phytoremediation using aquatic plants such as apu
wood to reduce river water pollution and improve the quality of liquid waste
from the batik industry. This research, entitled "Effectiveness of Apu Wood Plants (Pistia
Stratiotes) Using the Phytoremediation Method in Reducing BOD Levels in Ciprat Langitan Simbatan Magetan Batik Liquid
Waste", aims to evaluate the effectiveness of apu
wood plants in reducing BOD values in Ciprat
Langitan Simbatan Magetan batik waste. The formulation of the problem is
"What is the effectiveness of the Apu Wood Plant
(Pistia Stratiotes) using the Phytoremediation Method
in Reducing BOD Levels in Ciprat Langitan
Magetan Batik Waste?", with the general aim of
determining the effectiveness of the plant in reducing BOD levels, as well as
specific objectives including identifying BOD levels before and after after treatment for 3, 6, and 9 days. The benefits of this
research include providing input for batik center
managers regarding phytoremediation methods, simple and cheap waste management
alternatives, as well as teaching material for STIKES Bhakti Husada Mulia Madiun students and
increasing insight and collaboration between industry and universities. The
authenticity of this research compared to previous studies shows the
effectiveness of phytoremediation with apu wood in
reducing TSS, COD and BOD levels in various types of liquid waste, including
batik waste.
This
research method uses an experimental approach with a Quasi Experimental design
and Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design, where two
groups are randomized to test initial differences before treatment.(Margareth, 2017). The
research population consisted of all liquid waste produced from the Ciprat Langitan Simbatan Magetan Batik Center. Samples were taken from this liquid waste, with
replication determined using the Federer formula(Epang, 2020),
resulting in 6 replications with treatment for 3, 6, and 9 days, as well as one
control group. The sampling technique is carried out using sterile glass
bottles to take waste samples, which are then placed in a cool box to maintain
sample quality.
The
independent variable of the research was the BOD level in liquid batik waste,
with treatment for 3, 6, and 9 days, while the dependent variable was the
effectiveness of Kayu Apu plant phytoremediation in
reducing BOD levels. BOD levels were measured in the laboratory using the
titration method, while the treatment procedure involved the use of Kayu Apu plants which were replaced every two days. Data
analysis procedures include editing, coding, and data entry with univariate
analysis to identify BOD levels, as well as bivariate analysis using the One-Way
Anova test to test the effectiveness of treatment
(Source: Primary Data, 2024).
A.
Research
result
1.
Overview
of Ciprat Langitan Simbatan Batik Center
The Sprat Langitan
batik center is a center
that produces batik in the form of splashed batik and hand-written batik. Apart
from batik, this center also produces liquid waste
from its production process. Liquid waste is liquid waste
originating from households, trade, offices, industry or other public places
which usually contain materials or substances that can endanger human health or
life and disrupt environmental sustainability.
The Splash Langitan
batik center is located in Simbatan
Village, Nguntoronadi District, Magetan
Regency. This batik center is managed by a community
self-help group whose members number approximately 17 people with intellectual
disability backgrounds.
2.
Results
of Physical Observations of the First Phytoremediation Treatment of Apuwood (Pistia Stratiotes) Plants
|
Observation
Day 0
|
Observation
Day 3
|
|
Observation
Day 6
|
 Observation
Day
|
Figure 1. Treatment Observation Results
Source: Primary Data, 2024
B. Description of Observation Results
1. Day 0 Observations
On
the 0th day of observation, the condition of the apu
wood plants was still fresh, there were no physical changes to the plants or
even the color of the waste water. On the 0th day of
observation, disturbing variables were measured, namely PH of 10, lighting of
24.20 lux, temperature of 32°C and humidity of 57%. Observations were made at
10.00 WIB.
2. Day 3 Observations
The
second observation was carried out on the 3rd day. Where the condition of the
plants has started to wilt and some of the leaves have turned yellow. This is
influenced by the apu wood plant which has begun to
absorb the BOD and COD levels in the batik liquid waste. The pH on the 3rd day
of observation was 10, lighting was 25.73 lux, temperature was 28°C and
humidity was 90%.
3. Day 6 Observations
The
third observation was carried out on the 6th day. Where the physical condition
of the plant is starting to rot at the leaves and base of the roots. The color of the leaf’s changes to blackish yellow. On the 6th
day, PH measurements were taken at 10, lighting at 45.45, temperature at 27°C
and humidity at 85%.
4. Day 9 Observations
The
fourth observation was carried out on the 9th day of treatment. Where the
leaves have separated from their roots, some have rotted and are black. On the
9th day, pH was measured at 7, lighting at 21.6, temperature at 27°C and
humidity at 76%.
C. Table of Observation Results of Disturbing
Variables in Research
Table 1. Observation Results of Nuisance
Variables
|
Confounding Variables
|
Day 0
|
Day 3
|
Day 6
|
Day 9
|
|
PH
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
7
|
|
Lighting
|
24,20
|
25.73
|
45.45
|
21.6
|
|
Temperature
|
32°C
|
28°C
|
27°C
|
27°C
|
|
Humidity
|
85%
|
90%
|
85%
|
76%
|
Source:
Primary Data, 2024
Based
on the data above, it can be seen that the PH in waste water is 10 in the 0-6th
measurement, while on the last day the PH is 7. Meanwhile, lighting is 24.20 in
the first measurement, 25.76 in the second measurement, 45.45 in the third
measurement and 21.6 on the fourth measurement. Lighting measurements using a
lux meter. The first temperature measurement was 32 °C, the second was 28 °C,
the third was 27 °C and the last was 27 °C. the last measurement is humidity,
where on the first day it was measured at 85%, the second at 90%, third at 85%
and last at 76%.
1.
Results
of Physical Observations of the Second Phytoremediation Treatment of Apuwood (Pistia Stratiotes) Plants
|
 Addition of Tank 1
|
Addition of Tank 2
|
Addition of Tank 3
|
|
Day 2 Results Bak 1
|
Day 2 Results Bak 2
|
Day 2 Results Bak 3
|
Figure
2. Second Observation Results
Source:
Personal Documentation, 2024
D. Second Observation Results on
Phytoremediation Treatment of Apu Wood Plants
In this second observation, the plants will
be replaced after 2 days. This is intended to make plant absorption of batik
waste more effective. The picture above shows the physical differences in the
plants after 2 days. In the top pictures 1, 2 and 3 are the conditions of the
plants that have just been replaced after 2 days. Meanwhile, in pictures below
1, 2 and 3 are the condition of the plants after 2 days of contact with liquid
waste. You can see that there is a change in the color
of the plant, which was originally green, becomes wilted and turns slightly
yellowish, apart from that, some of the leaf petals have separated from the
roots.
E. Table of Observation Results of Disturbing
Variables in the Second Treatment of Tamanan Kayu Apu
Phytoremediation
Table 2. Observation Results of Nuisance
Variables
|
Confounding Variables
|
Day 0
|
Day 3
|
Day 6
|
Day 9
|
|
PH
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
|
Lighting
|
25.76
|
34.51
|
30.03
|
40.83
|
|
Temperature
|
25°C
|
30°C
|
26°C
|
28°C
|
|
Humidity
|
82%
|
85%
|
90%
|
80%
|
Source: Primary Data, 2024
Based on the data above, it can be seen that
the PH in waste water is 10 from observations on days 0-9. Meanwhile, lighting
was 25.76 in the first measurement, 34.51 in the second measurement, 30.03 in
the third measurement and 40.83 in the fourth measurement. Lighting
measurements using a lux meter. The first temperature measurement was 25 °C,
the second was 30 °C, the third was 26 °C and the last was 28 °C. measurementThe last one is humidity, where the first
measurement is 82%, the second is 85%, the third is 90% and the last is 80%.
1. Data Analysis Results
This research was conducted in June
2024 with a total of 4 treatments, namely on day 0, day 3, day 6 and day 9. The
replication used in this study was 6 times with 2 BOD measurements on the 3rd
day, 6th day and 9th day. BOD laboratory measurements were carried out in the
chemistry laboratory belonging to the Surabaya Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Magetan Sanitation Study Program. The research results were
carried out using univariate and bivariate analysissoftwareSPSS
20.
a. Data on Reducing BOD Levels in Batik Liquid
Waste Using the Phytoremediation Method of Apu Wood
Plants.
Table 3. Calculation Results of the Effectiveness of
Reducing BOD Levels
|
Sample
|
Initial BOD
|
Post test (mg/l)
|
|
3 days
|
6 Days
|
9 Days
|
|
Repetition Sample 1
|
128
|
114
|
71
|
53
|
|
Repetition Sample 2
|
117
|
69
|
54
|
|
Average
|
115.5
|
70
|
53.5
|
|
Effectiveness
|
9.78%
|
45.31%
|
58.20%
|
Source: Primary Data, 2024
From
table 3 above, it shows the results of calculating the effectiveness of BOD
using the batik liquid waste phytoremediation method using apu
wood plants on the 3rd day had an effectiveness of 9.78%, on the 6th day it was
45.31% while on the 9th day it was 58%. .20%. So, it can be concluded that
phytoremediation of apu wood plants with the 9th day
variation is the most effective. To calculate the effectiveness value of
reducing BOD and COD levels, the formula is used, namely:
Figure 3. Graph of
effectiveness of BOD reduction
Source: Primary Data, 2024
Based on the
graph above, it can be concluded that there was an effective reduction in BOD levels,
namely on the 3rd day of treatment it was 9.78%, on the 6th day it was 45.31%,
while the highest reduction was on the 9th day of treatment, namely 58.20%.
b.
Bivariate Analysis
Bivariate
analysis is a continuation of univariate analysis. In this bivariate analysis
using software in the form of SPSS 20 using testsOne Way ANOVAwhere the
conditions for the One Way Anova test include that the data is normally
distributed if the p value is (≥0.05). The next requirement for using the
one way anova test is that homogeneous data is shown by a homogeneity test that
the data is said to be homogeneous if the significance value is >0.05.
1.
Normality Test
Results
Table
4. Normality Test Results
|
Variable
|
Sig.
|
|
BOD Measurement Results
|
0.178
|
Source: SPSS Data Processing,
2024
Judging from the table of normality
test results above, it can be said that the two BOD variables are normally distributed because the significance value
obtained by BOD is 0.178, where this value is ≥ 0.05.
2.
Homogeneity Test
Results
Table
5. Homogeneity Test Results
|
Variable
|
Sig.
|
|
BOD Measurement Results
|
0.060
|
Source: SPSS data processing, 2024
Based on
the results of the homogeneity test, it was found that the BOD was 0.060, where
this value was greater than 0.05, so the data was homogeneous or the same.
3.
One Way Anova Test
Table
6. One Way Anova Test Results for BOD Variables
|
Variable
|
n
|
Mean ± SD
|
P-Value
|
|
BOD
|
|
|
|
|
Control
|
2
|
128.00 ± 0.000
|
<0.001
|
|
3 days
|
2
|
115.50 ± 2.121
|
|
6 Days
|
2
|
70.00 ± 1.414
|
|
9 Days
|
2
|
53.50 ± 707
|
Source:
SPSS Data Processing, 2024
The average BOD level decreased
according to the length of contact time with apu wood plants. It can be seen in table 4.8 that the
initial average BOD level was 128.00, the BOD level on the 3-day treatment
decreased to 115.50, on the 6-day treatment there was a decrease of 70.00 and
on the 9 day it was 53.50. the results of the anova
test showed that there was a significant decrease in the average BOD levels
with treatment with long contact time. So, H0 is rejected, because the p value
is <0.05, namely <0.001 so there is a decrease in BOD levels.
Advanced Post Hock
Test
Table 7. Post Hock Test Results for the BOD variable
|
(I)
Treatment
|
(J)
Treatment
|
Mean Difference (IJ)
|
P Value
|
95% Confidence Interval
|
|
Lowe Bound
|
Upper Bound
|
|
Control
|
3 days
|
12,500
|
0.001
|
8.83
|
16,17
|
|
6 Days
|
58,000
|
0,000
|
54.33
|
61.57
|
|
9 Days
|
74,500
|
0,000
|
70.83
|
78.17
|
|
3 days
|
Control
|
-12,500
|
0.001
|
-16.17
|
-8.83
|
|
6 Days
|
45,500
|
0,000
|
41.83
|
49.17
|
|
9 ari
|
62,000
|
0,000
|
58.33
|
65.67
|
|
6 Days
|
Control
|
-58,000
|
0,000
|
-61.67
|
-54.33
|
|
3 days
|
-45,500
|
0,000
|
-49.17
|
-41.83
|
|
9 Days
|
16,600
|
0,000
|
12.83
|
20.17
|
|
9 Days
|
Control
|
-74,500
|
0,000
|
-78.17
|
-70.83
|
|
3 days
|
-62,000
|
0,000
|
-65.67
|
-58.33
|
|
6 Days
|
-16,500
|
0,000
|
-20.17
|
-12.83
|
Source: SPSS Data
Processing, 2024
Table 7 shows that the results of post
hoc analysis using the LSD (Least Significant Difference) test obtained that
the control with 3 days treatment obtained a p value of 0.001, while the
control with 6 days and 9 days treatment obtained a p value of 0.000, whereas
in the 3 days, 6 days and 9 treatments day obtained a p value of 0.000. All
probability values are smaller than the value α = 0.05,
meaning that there is a significant difference between the control and the 3, 6
and 9 day treatments.
Discussion
1.
Identification
of BOD Levels of Batik Waste Before Treatment
Before
the phytoremediation treatment using apu wood plants,
BOD levels were checked first, by taking a 2.5 liter
water sample from the production of splashed batik, laboratory results obtained
for BOD measurements were 128 mg/l.. In addition,
measurements were taken related to confounding variables such as PH, Lighting,
Temperature and Humidity. PH measurements on the first day showed a result of
10 or alkaline, while the lighting showed a figure of 24.20, the temperature
was 32°C and the humidity was 57%. On this first day, the condition of the
liquid batik wastewater before treatment was dark black and odorless.
High amounts of BOD can damage the
environment by killing species and disrupting the balance of ecosystems in
waterways. Apart from that, the high level of batik waste is influenced by several factors, including
the dyeing process. Chemical elements used in the synthetic dyeing process for
batik can have a negative impact on the environment if they are in high
concentrations.(Daya et al., 2023)
According
to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic
of Indonesia Number 5 of 2014 and Governor Regulation No. 52 of 2014 concerning
waste water quality standards for textile industry waste or batik industry on
the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) parameter, namely 60 mg/L. Before being
disposed of into the environment, there needs to be a process first so that the
waste meets established quality standards(KLHK No.
P.16, 2019).
From
the statement above, it is found that the BOD content of Cirat
Langitan batik waste does not meet the environmental
quality standards set by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and
Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2014 so that further
treatment is needed regarding this matter. One way is to use the
phytoremediation method.
2.
Identification
of BOD Levels of Batik Waste After Treatment for 3 Days, 6 Days and 9 Days
Based on the results of research that was
carried out by taking 60 liters of waste water
samples in a liquid waste storage tank for the Splash Langitan
Simbatan batik liquid waste, which was then carried
out by phytoremediation treatment using 24 apu wood (pistia stratiotes) plants. There were 4 treatment tanks
with 1 tank without apu wood plants or as a control
and 3 tanks with 8 apu wood plants per tank.
Measurements on the first day or before
treatment resulted in a BOD level of 128 mg/l. Apart from that, disturbing
variables such as PH were also measured on the first day, the results were 10
(alkaline), Lighting 24.20, temperature measurement 32°C and humidity 57%. On
the 3rd day of treatment there was a decrease in BOD levels to 114 mg/l, for PH
measurements the result was 10 (alkaline), lighting was 25.74, temperature was
28°C and humidity was 90%, the physical condition of the plants on the 3rd day
was obtained apu wood plants that have begun to
wither. The next measurement was carried out on day 6, and the BOD result was
69 mg/l, for pH 10 (alkaline), lighting 45.4, temperature 27°C and humidity 85%.
On the 6th day, the apuwood plants started to turn
yellow and wilt. The last measurement on day 9 showed BOD results of 53 mg/l
and PH on day 9 of 7, light of 21.6, temperature of 27°C and humidity of 76%.
The physical condition of the apu wood plant has
turned yellow, some are black and the roots have separated from the leaves.
From the measurement results, disturbing variables had no effect on apu wood plants or decreased BOD levels in batik liquid
waste.
Phytoremediation is a technology that
can use plants to restore soil or areas contaminated with waste. This
technology can be supported by improvements in the use of growing media and the
availability of microbes in the soil to increase efficiency in the degradation
process of pollutant materials flowing to all parts of the plant, so that the
water is clean of pollutants. Apu-apu or also known
as apu wood (Pistia
stratiotes) is the only genus of Pistia. Apu-apu as an aquatic plant has the potential to reduce
levels of water pollutants with high organic levels. Generally, apu plants are found in calm waters such as ponds, lakes
and rice fields. This plant can be used as a phytoremediator for various types
of waste such as batik waste, tofu waste, and even waste containing heavy
metals.(Muryani & Widiarti, 2019).
Perez Davila (2020)stated
that the greater the number of apu wood plants used,
the greater the concentration of BOD absorbed through the plant roots. The more
plants and roots a plant has, the greater the organic
material that can be absorbed in waste water.
Based on research conducted byUS Dewi et al., (2022)The more
plants there are in the treatment unit and the longer the contact time of waste
water with plant roots,
the more efficient it will be in reducing COD levels. The decreasing value of
COD levels which increases every day can be caused by the degradation process
becoming more effective when the microorganisms around the roots have started
to grow in large numbers. The decomposition of organic material occurs with the
help of microorganisms in plant roots which will then be used by the plant for
its growth. The reduction in organic compounds is directly proportional to the
decrease in COD values in the waste. The decrease in COD levels
can be influenced by the growth and number of plants, because the more plants
there are, the more oxygen supply will occur in the planting medium.
In
accordance with the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded
that the phytoremediation method is an alternative for reducing BOD levelsespecially in batik liquid waste. Apart from plants
that are easy to obtain, phytoremediation is also an easy and cheap method. In
this method, the length of time affects the reduction in BOD levels of batik
liquid waste. The longer the contact time between the plant media and batik
liquid waste, the higher the reduction that occurs.
3.
Time
Effectiveness of Reducing BOD Using the Phytoremediation Method
From
the results of calculating the effectiveness of reducing BOD levels in Splash Langitan batik liquid waste, it was found that the decrease
on day 3 was 9.78%, the decrease on day 6 was 45.31% and on day 9 was 58.20%.
Based on these results, the effectiveness of reducing BOD levels was found on
day 9.
The efficiency of reducing BOD levels
shows that the longer the days used for the phytoremediation process in
processing batik liquid waste, the greater the reduction efficiency. The use of
apu wood plants as a medium in the batik wastewater phytoremediation
method can reduce BOD levels because it plays a good role in supporting the
rate of absorption of nutrients resulting from the decomposition of organic
matter by microbes and is used in photosynthesis.
In research conducted by(US Dewi et al., 2022)The test
results show that the most efficient exposure time in reducing COD levels is 9
days exposure time with a reduction percentage of 63.51%, the most efficient
percent coverage area in reducing COD levels is 75% closure with a reduction
percentage of 76.85%. , the most efficient interaction between the two in
reducing COD levels in liquid waste is at 100% coverage area with an exposure
time of 9 days. From the calculation of the percentage effectiveness of COD
reduction, it is known that in the interaction of 100% coverage area with an
exposure time of 9 days, COD levels decreased to 10.7 mg/L with the largest
percentage reduction, namely 88.03%.
This shows that in research on
phytoremediation of apu wood plants, the longer the
treatment days or contact time, the greater the reduction in efficiency.
The initial BOD levels of splattered
skyrocket batik waste did not meet the quality standards outlined by the
Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 5 of 2014, necessitating treatment before disposal into river
bodies. Phytoremediation using apu wood plants
effectively reduced BOD levels over periods of 3, 6, and 9 days, with the most
significant reduction observed at the 9-day mark. It is recommended that STIKES
Bhakti Husada Mulia Madiun
incorporate more articles and readings on batik liquid waste processing into
their curriculum to enhance environmental knowledge among students. The batik
industry should adopt waste processing methods like phytoremediation to
minimize environmental impact, particularly at Splash Langitan
batik centers, due to its cost-effectiveness and
simplicity. Further research is needed to explore phytoremediation techniques
and to increase the number of apu wood plants to
prevent wilting and improve treatment efficacy.
Andika, B.,
Wahyuningsih, P., & Fajri, R. (2020). Determination of BOD and COD Values as
Water Pollution Parameters and Waste Water Quality Standards at the Medan Palm
Oil Research Center (PPKS). Quimica: Journal of Scientific and Applied
Chemistry, 2(1), 14–22. https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/JQ
Billah, AR (2020). Use of Apu Wood
(Pistia Stratiotes L.) to Bind Total Chromium Metal (Cr) in Batik Liquid Waste.
In Digital Digital Repository University Repository Jember University (Vol. 1,
Issue 3). http://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/98358
Power, E., Plant, S., Apu, K.,
Stratiotes, P., Method, D., In, F., Parameters, M., And, B., Waste, C., Batik,
C., Rahayu, M., & Tahun, M. (2023). Effectiveness of the Absorption
Capacity of Apu Wood Plants (Pistia Stratiotes) Using the Phytoremediation
Method in Reducing Bod and Cod Parameters of Batik Mukti Rahayu Magetan Liquid
Waste 2023 |.
Dewi, SP, & Alfiah, T. (2022). Batik
Home Industry Wastewater Treatment in Sidoarjo Using Phytoremediation Using Apu
Wood Plants (Pistia stratiotes L.) to Reduce Bod, Cod & TSS Parameters
Using the Floating Raft Hydroponic Method. Environmental Engineering Journal
ITATS, 2(2), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.31284/j.envitats.2022.v2i2.3738
Dewi, US, Santoso, S., &
Proklikningsih, E. (2022). PHYTOREMEDIATION USING APU WOOD (Pistia stratiotes)
to reduce cod levels in textile liquid waste. BioEksakta: Unsoed Scientific
Journal of Biology, 3(2), 78. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2021.3.2.4375
Eppang, Y. (2020). The Influence of
Counseling During Antenatal Care (ANC) on the Knowledge and Attitudes of
Pregnant Women Regarding Danger Signs of Pregnancy in the Kapasa Community
Health Center Work Area. Muhammadiyah Nursing Journal, 5(2).
https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v5i2.6331
Erlita,
D., Darmanijati, M., & Munandar, S. (2022). Reducing COD and BOD Content in Batik Liquid Waste using
the Phytoremediation Method. Journal of Science and Computer Education, 2(01),
21–29. https://doi.org/10.47709/jpsk.v2i01.1340
Hidayatullah, A., Masyruroh, A., &
Akbari, T. (2023). Effectiveness of Aloe Vera Coagulant (Aloe vera) and PAC
(Poly Aluminum Chloride) in reducing pollutant levels in liquid batik waste.
Journal of Environment and Natural Resources (JOURNALISM), 6(1), 61–75.
https://doi.org/10.47080/jls.v6i1.2425
KLHK No. P.16. (2019). Ministry of
Environment and Forestry Regulation. Regulation of the Minister of Environment
and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Second Amendment to Regulation of the
Minister of Environment Number 5 of 2014 concerning Waste Water Quality
Standards, 53(9), 1689–1699. file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/fvm939e.pdf
Margareth, H. (2017). Population and
Sample in Research. Wanda Femila Utami, 32.
Martini,
S., Yuliwati, E., & Kharismadewi, D. (2020). Creation of Industrial Liquid Waste Processing
Technology. Journal of Distillation, 5(2), 26.
https://doi.org/10.32502/jd.v5i2.3030
Masita As'ari, R., Syafiuddin, A., Aan
Adriansyah, A., & Setianto, B. (2022). Phytoremediation of Tempe Wastewater
Using Apu Wood Plants (Pistia Stratiotes). Journal of Public Health, 10(5),
564–569. http://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkm
Muryani, E., & Widiarti, IW (2019).
Leachate BOD and COD Levels with Phytoremediation Treatment of Lotus (Nymphaea
Sp.) and Apu-Apu (Pistia stratiotes L.) Plants (Case Study of Jetis Purworejo
Landfill). Journal of Minerals, Energy And Environment, 2(2), 72.
https://doi.org/10.31315/jmel.v2i2.2389
Pérez Dávila, J. (2020). Utilization of
Apu Wood Plants (Pistia Stratiotes l.) To Reduce Cod, Bod, TSS Levels in Tempe
Industrial Liquid Waste Using Batch System Phytoremediation. 21(1), 1–9.
Roykhan, R., Sariyatun, & Kurniawan,
DA (2019). Classic Batik as a Media for Legitimizing the Power of Sultan
Hamengkubuwono VIII 1927-1939 and Its Relevance in the Development of Social
History Material. TEMPLE Journal, 19(1), 93–111.
Sukono, GAB, Hikmawan, FR, Evitasari,
E., & Satriawan, D. (2020). Phytoremediation Mechanisms: A Review. Journal
of Environmental Pollution Control (JPPL), 2(2), 40–47.
https://doi.org/10.35970/jppl.v2i2.360
Wibowo, DN, Wicaksono, R., Naufalin, R.,
Biology, F., Agriculture, F., & Agriculture, F. (2019). Implementation of
Multi Soil Layer and Phytoremediation Batik Liquid Waste Processing Units in
Batik UKM, Binangun Village, Banyumas Regency. Proceedings of the National
Seminar and Call for Papers, 8, 19–20.
http://www.jurnal.lppm.unsoed.ac.id/ojs/index.php/Prosiding/article/view/1034
Yoanda, GR (2014). Conceptual Framework
& Hypothesis. Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents, 7(2),
107–115.
|
Copyright
Holder:
Rizqi Isna Febrianti, Pipid Ari Wibowo, Avicena Sakufa Marsanti (2024)
|
|
First Publication Right:
Jurnal Health Sains
|
|
This article is licensed under:
|
